1/11/2024 0 Comments Taurine effects on clottingNowadays, there is overwhelming evidence about the involvement of taurine in fundamental physiological processes, such as neuromodulation, bile acid conjugation, intestinal microbiota homeostasis, regulation of energy metabolism, muscle contraction, ion transport, calcium handling, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative response, osmoregulation, and cell membrane stabilization and apoptosis. Since then, the range of its physiological functions has considerably expanded. Until that point all known data about its action were reduced to bile salt synthesis, osmoregulation in marine invertebrates, energy storage in marine worms, and neural inhibition in the central nervous system. Īn important step in understanding the action of taurine was reached in 1968, along with the publication of Jacobsen and Smith’s comprehensive review. It has also gained more and more popularity as an ingredient in food supplements and energy drinks. Taurine has a proven benefit as a pharmaconutrient or a conditionally essential amino acid, being administered to subjects requiring long term parenteral nutrition, including newborns or premature infants. The endogenous synthesis from methionine and cysteine is insufficient, therefore diet remains the major source of taurine, especially seafood, eggs, and meat. High concentrations in humans are found in bile, myocardium, skeletal muscles, liver, nervous system, intestine, kidney, retina, and blood cells (leukocytes, platelets). Although an amino acid, it is not used in protein synthesis. A 70 kg human body contains up to 70 g of taurine. In many animals, including mammals, it is the most abundant low-molecular-weight organic constituent. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a phylogenetically ancient compound with a large distribution in the biosphere, present in high concentration in algae and animals, including insects and arthropods, but generally absent or nearly absent in bacteria and plants. Considering that taurine and its analogues display permissible side effects, along with the need of finding new, alternative antithrombotic drugs with minimal side effects and long-term action, the potential clinical relevance of this fascinating nutrient and its derivatives requires further consideration. Chloramine derivatives of taurine proved a higher stability and pronounced selectivity for platelet receptors, raising the assumption that they could represent future potential antithrombotic agents. As human prospective studies on thrombosis outcome are very difficult to carry out, there is an obvious need to validate existing findings, and bring new compelling data about the mechanisms underlying taurine and derivatives antiplatelet action and their antithrombotic potential. Taurine showed effectiveness in several pathologies involving thrombotic diathesis, such as diabetes, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, and others. Taurine has been repeatedly reported to elicit an inhibitory action on platelet activation and aggregation, sustained by in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro animal and human studies. It is highly beneficial for the organism, has many therapeutic actions, and is currently approved for heart failure treatment in Japan. Taurine is a semi-essential, the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, with a six times higher concentration in platelets than any other amino acid.
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